📢 The "Shouting" Analogy
Imagine a room full of people wearing blindfolds.
A Hub is like a person standing in the middle who simply repeats everything they hear.
If Person A whispers "Hello Person B", the Hub shouts "HELLO PERSON B!" to the entire room.
Everyone hears it, but only Person B cares.
🧠No Brain (Layer 1)
A Hub operates at the Physical Layer (OSI Layer 1). It does not understand MAC addresses, IP addresses, or data. It simply repeats electrical signals.
🌊 Always Floods
Because it doesn't know who is where, it sends every incoming packet out to ALL other ports. This is called broadcasting or flooding.
Process Flow:
1
PC Sends Data
Signal travels to Hub.
2
Hub Broadcasts
Hub repeats signal to ALL connected ports.
3
Devices Filter
Correct destination accepts. Others drop.